Introduction: Surgical site infection (SSI) remains one of the most common postoperative complications following emergency laparotomy, contributing significantly to morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and increased healthcare costs. Emergency procedures are associated with higher infection rates compared to elective surgeries due to contamination, delayed presentation, and compromised physiological status of patients. The present study aims to evaluate the incidence of postoperative wound infection in emergency laparotomies and identify associated risk factors. Materials and Methods A prospective observational study was conducted on 150 patients undergoing emergency laparotomy in a tertiary care hospital over 18 months. Demographic details, comorbidities, intraoperative findings, contamination class, duration of surgery, and postoperative outcomes were recorded. Wound infection was diagnosed based on CDC criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression. Results Out of 150 patients, 38 (25.3%) developed postoperative wound infection. Significant risk factors included diabetes mellitus (p=0.002), contaminated/dirty wounds (p<0.001), duration of surgery >2 hours (p=0.004), anemia (p=0.01), and delayed presentation (>24 hours) (p=0.001). Gram-negative organisms were predominant, with E. coli being the most common isolate. Conclusion Postoperative wound infection following emergency laparotomy is common and strongly associated with patient-related and procedure-related factors. Early intervention, optimization of comorbidities, strict asepsis, and appropriate antibiotic policy can significantly reduce SSI incidence.