Journal of Surgical Radiology
2024, Volume 3, Issue 2 : 5-8
Research Article
Pulmonary Hypertension in Chronic Respiratory Diseases at Tertiary Care Teaching Center
1
Asstistant Professor,Department of TB & CHEST, Ayaan Insititute of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital & Research Center, India
Received
May 5, 2024
Revised
May 12, 2024
Accepted
May 30, 2024
Published
June 15, 2024
Abstract

Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with chronic lung disease (CLD), with the main focus being on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD). There is evidence that PH is associated with other CLDs such as cystic fibrosis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Additionally, echocardiography studies have suggested a high prevalence of PH [16]. However, echocardiography and other non-invasive measures, including an enlarged main pulmonary artery on CT scan, are limited in their accuracy to detect PH in lung diseases, thus serving as screening tools only. [14] Materials and Methods: This study was designed as an observational, cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with chronic respiratory diseases (CRD). A total of 90 patients diagnosed with chronic respiratory diseases were included in the study. Patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with chronic respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease (ILD), and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), with suspected pulmonary hypertension based on clinical and echocardiographic findings were included. Results: The study includes 90 patients with a mean age of 65.4 years. 61.1% are male (n=55), and 38.9% are female (n=35). The mean BMI is 27.3 kg/m², which falls into the overweight category. Pulmonary hypertension is most prevalent in ILD (60%), followed by COPD (55%), OSA (46.7%), and other diseases (40%). The mean pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) is highest in ILD (34.2 mmHg) and lowest in "Other" conditions (27.5 mmHg). Overall, these conditions are significantly associated with PH, with ILD showing the highest risk. Mean PASP across all patients is 30.8 mmHg, suggesting mild PH in this cohort. Right ventricular dysfunction is present in 27.8% of patients, indicating a significant proportion of cardiac involvement. 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance is 310.4 meters, reflecting reduced exercise capacity. Mean BNP is 85.2 pg/mL, which, while not extremely high, suggests some degree of cardiac stress. Conclusion: Pulmonary hypertension is a frequent and clinically significant complication of chronic respiratory diseases, particularly in COPD and ILD. The presence of hypoxemia, severe lung disease, and right ventricular dysfunction should prompt early PH screening. Proactive disease management strategies, including oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation, may help mitigate PH progression and improve overall patient outcomes.

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